Parker and Palmer Score

Parker MJ, Palmer CR: A new mobility score for predicting mortality after hip fracture. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1993: 75-B:797-8.

Paker and Palmer score是用於評估近端股骨骨折術後一年後死亡機率的工具。

內含Mobility score 及Abbreviated mental test score兩部分，附上spreadsheet方便使用。

Mobility (Score is the total, 0 to 9):  3: No difficulty, 2: With an aid, 1: With help from another person, 0: Not at all Able to get about the house
Able to get out of the house
Able to go shopping

Abbreviated mental test: 10個項目，正確得1分

State age

Give the current time to the nearest hour

Remember an address and repeat it at the end of the test

State the current year

Name the institution to which you have been admitted

Recognize two persons

State date of birth (day and month are sufficient)

Give the year of the start of the Second World War

Name the present monarch or head of state

Count backwards from 20 to 1

Intertrochanteric Fractures: 10 Tips to Improve Results

好文章分享：

Haidukewych GJ: Intertrochanteric Fractures: Ten Tips to Improve Results. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 2009;91:712-719.

Tip 1: Use the Tip-to-Apex Distance.

Tip 2: "No Lateral Wall, No Hip Screw"

• Lateral wall指的是reverse oblique及transtrochanteric fractures

Tip 3: Know the Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture Patterns, and Nail Them.

Tip 4: Beware of the Anterior Bow of the Femoral Shaft.

Tip 5: When Using a Trochanteric Entry Nail, Start Slightly Medial to the Exact Tip of the Greater Trochanter.

Tip 6: Do Not Ream an Unreduced Fracture.

Tip 7: Be Cautious About the Nail Insertion Trajectory, and Do Not Use a Hammer to Seat the Nail.

Tip 8: Avoid Varus Angulation fo the Proximal Fragment - Use the Relationship Between the Tip of the Trochanter and the Center of the Femoral Head.

Tip 9: When Nailing, Lock the Nail Distally if the Fracture Is Axially or Rotationally Unstable.

Tip 10: Avoid Fracture Distraction When Nailing.

統計、流病及EBM 5

CDC 的流病入門課程(pdf)，可以自己慢慢地自修。

American College of Physicians (ACP)所出版的好書

    Lang TA, Secic M: How to report statistics in medicine: annotated guidelines for authors, editors, and reviewers. Second edition. 2006; Philadelphia: American College of Physicians.

•         這本書教您如何報告醫學統計--值得擁有。缺點：未包括如何報告mixed model, GEE等較複雜方式。

    Lang的另一篇好文章：20個常見的統計錯誤
    Lang TA: Twenty statistical errors even you can find in biomedical research articles. Croat Med J. 2004;45:361-70.

免費的統計軟體

• John C. Pezzulo的著名網頁，可說是免費的統計軟體的大補帖，內含統計教學及線上統計軟體的相關連結。

統計學家Martin Bland的網站

• 許多好文章，可以進來挖寶。Bland-Altman Plot有詳細的說明。

線上生物統計

• GraphPad Quick Calcs
• 香港中文大學婦產科的線上生物統計(內含小小應用軟體可下載)
• VassarStats: Web Site for Statistical Computation
• Stats Calculator
• OpenEpi - The Epidemiology Calculator

天下文化出版的書籍，可說是本本精彩

1. 史密斯(Woollcott Smith) 著, 鄭惟厚 譯, 高尼克(Larry Gonick) 繪. 看漫畫，學統計 The Cartoon Guide to Statistics. 台北: 天下文化, 2003.
2. 墨爾(David S. Moore) 著, 鄭惟厚 譯. 統計，讓數字說話! STATISTICS. 台北: 天下文化, 1998.
3. 墨爾(David S. Moore) 著, 鄭惟厚 譯. 統計學的世界Statistics, concepts and controversies, 5th ed. 台北: 天下文化, 2002.
4. 拉森(Harold J. Larson) 著, 鄭惟厚 譯. 機率學的世界 Introduction to Probability. 台北: 天下文化, 2004.
5. 瓊斯 (Gerald Everett Jones) 著, 葉偉文 譯. 別讓統計圖表唬弄你 How to Lie with Charts. 台北: 天下文化, 2005.
6. 萊文森(Horace C. Levinson) 著, 葉偉文 譯. 統計你贏的機率 Chance, Luck, and Statistics. 台北: 天下文化, 2004.
7. 薩爾斯伯格(David Salsburg) 著, 葉偉文 譯. 統計，改變了世界The Lady Tasting Tea. 台北: 天下文化, 2001.
8. 赫夫(Darrell Huff) 著, 鄭惟厚 譯, 蓋斯(Irving Geis) 繪. 別讓統計數字騙了你 How to Lie with Statistics. 台北: 天下文化, 2005.

統計、流病及EBM 4

Aviva Petrie 等人在British Dentistry Journal上的文章(Aviva Petrie即是Medical Statistics at a Glance的作者之一)

1. Petrie A, Bulman JS, Osborn JF: Further statistics in dentistry: Part 1: Research designs 1. Br Dent J 2002;193:377-380.
2. Petrie A, Bulman JS, Osborn JF: Further statistics in dentistry. Part 2: Research designs 2. Br Dent J 2002;193:435-440.
3. Petrie A, Bulman JS, Osborn JF: Further statistics in dentistry. Part 3: Clinical trials 1. Br Dent J 2002;193:495-498.
4. Petrie A, Bulman JS, Osborn JF: Further statistics in dentistry. Part 4: Clinical trials 2. Br Dent J 2002;193:557-561.
5. Petrie A, Bulman JS, Osborn JF: Further statistics in dentistry, Part 5: Diagnostic tests for oral conditions. Br Dent J 2002;193:621-625.
6. Petrie A, Bulman JS, Osborn JF: Further statistics in dentistry. Part 6: Multiple linear regression. Br Dent J 2002;193:675-682.
7. Petrie A, Bulman JS, Osborn JF: Further statistics in dentistry. Part 7: repeated measures. Br Dent J 2003;194:17-21.
8. Petrie A, Bulman JS, Osborn JF: Further statistics in dentistry, Part 8: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Br Dent J 2003;194:73-78.
9. Petrie A, Bulman JS, Osborn JF: Further statistics in dentistry. Part 9: Bayesian statistics. Br Dent J 2003;194:129-134.
10. Osborn JF, Bulman JS, Petrie A: Further statistics in dentistry. Part 10: Sherlock Holmes, evidence and evidence-based dentistry. Br Dent J 2003;194:189-195.

BMJ (British medical journal)

• 統計教學當然不可遺漏BMJ的好站 Statistics at Square One
• 入門者的流行病學 Epidemiology for the Uninitiated
• 如何閱讀期刊論文 How to read a paper: the basic of evidence-based medicine

統計、流病及EBM 3

在American Journal of Roentgenology 上關於統計的文章

1. Beam CA, Blackmore CC, Karlik S, Reinhold C. Editors' Introduction to the Series. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2001; 176:323-325.
2. Blackmore CC. The Challenge of Clinical Radiology Research. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2001; 176:327-331.
3. Crewson PE, Applegate KE. Data Collection in Radiology Research. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2001; 177:755-761.
4. Jarvik JG. The Research Framework. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2001; 176:873-878.
5. Saini S. Radiologic Measurement of Tumor Size in Clinical Trials: Past, Present, and Future. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2001; 176:333-334.
6. Beam CA. Statistically Engineering the Study for Success. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2002; 179:47-52.
7. Joseph L, Reinhold C. Introduction to Probability Theory and Sampling Distributions. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2003; 180:917-923.
8. Karlik SJ. Exploring and Summarizing Radiologic Data. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2003; 180:47-54.
9. Karlik SJ. Visualizing Radiologic Data. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2003; 180:607-619.
10. Blackmore CC, Cummings P. Observational Studies in Radiology. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2004; 183:1203-1208.
11. Crewson PE. Reader Agreement Studies. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 184:1391-1397.
12. Dendukuri N, Reinhold C. Correlation and Regression. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 185:3-18.
13. Joseph L, Reinhold C. Statistical Inference for Continuous Variables. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 184:1047-1056.
14. Joseph L, Reinhold C. Statistical Inference for Proportions. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 184:1057-1064.
15. Obuchowski NA. Multivariate Statistical Methods. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 185:299-309.
16. Obuchowski NA. ROC Analysis. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 184:364-372.
17. Plevritis SK. Decision Analysis and Simulation Modeling for Evaluating Diagnostic Tests on the Basis of Patient Outcomes. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 185:581-590.
18. Stolberg HO, Norman G, Trop I. Survival Analysis. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 185:19-22.
19. Weinstein S, Obuchowski NA, Lieber ML. Clinical Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 184:14-19.
20. Willis CE, Slovis TL. The ALARA Concept in Pediatric CR and DR: Dose Reduction in Pediatric Radiographic Exams -- A White Paper Conference. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 184:373-374.
21. Gatsonis C, Paliwal P. Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic and Screening Test Accuracy Evaluations: Methodologic Primer. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2006; 187:271-281.

統計、流病及EBM 2

在Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research上關於統計、流病及EBM的文章 (因CORR改由Springer發行，但Springer只有2008年以後的版權，目前連結重新製作中)

1. Schunemann HJ, Bone L. Evidence-based orthopaedics: a primer. Clin Orthop 2003(413):117-32.
2. Montori VM, Swiontkowski MF, Cook DJ. Methodologic issues in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Clin Orthop 2003(413):43-54.
3. Mitchell SW. The history of instrumental precision in medicine. Univ Med Magazine, October 1841. Clin Orthop 2003(413):11-8; discussion.
4. Kocher MS, Henley MB. It is money that matters: decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. Clin Orthop 2003(413):106-16.
5. Jackowski D, Guyatt G. A guide to health measurement. Clin Orthop 2003(413):80-9.
6. Hartz A, Marsh JL. Methodologic issues in observational studies. Clin Orthop 2003(413):33-42.
7. Griffin D, Audige L. Common statistical methods in orthopaedic clinical studies. Clin Orthop 2003(413):70-9.
8. Gillespie LD, Gillespie WJ. Finding current evidence: search strategies and common databases. Clin Orthop 2003(413):133-45.
9. Dirschl DR, Tornetta P 3rd, Bhandari M. Designing, conducting, and evaluating journal clubs in orthopaedic surgery. Clin Orthop 2003(413):146-57.
10. Devereaux PJ, McKee MD, Yusuf S. Methodologic issues in randomized controlled trials of surgical interventions. Clin Orthop 2003(413):25-32.
11. Brighton B, Bhandari M, Tornetta P 3rd, Felson DT. Hierarchy of evidence: from case reports to randomized controlled trials. Clin Orthop 2003(413):19-24.
12. Bhandari M, Whang W, Kuo JC, Devereaux PJ, Sprague S, Tornetta P 3rd. The risk of false-positive results in orthopaedic surgical trials. Clin Orthop 2003(413):63-9.
13. Bhandari M, Tornetta P 3rd, Guyatt GH. Glossary of evidence-based orthopaedic terminology. Clin Orthop 2003(413):158-63.
14. Bhandari M, Tornetta P 3rd. Evidence-based orthopaedics: a paradigm shift. Clin Orthop 2003(413):9-10.
15. Bernstein J, McGuire K, Freedman KB. Statistical sampling and hypothesis testing in orthopaedic research. Clin Orthop 2003(413):55-62.
16. Beaton DE, Schemitsch E. Measures of health-related quality of life and physical function. Clin Orthop 2003(413):90-105.

統計、流病及EBM 1

以下是以前所收集的文章及網頁，分享給各位：

Tufts University 的 Gerard E. Dallal, PhD 所編纂的 BMJ (British Medical Journal) statistics note (整理的相當好)

在Radiology上有一系列關於統計的文章，內容相當新。值得花時間仔細閱讀。Radiology也整理出稿件中十大常見統計錯誤。

在Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Edition, British Edition 及Instructional Course Lecture上關於統計及流病的文章

1. Bubbar VK, Kreder HJ: The intention-to-treat principle: a primer for the orthopaedic surgeon. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88:2097-2099.
2. Petrie A: Statistics in orthopaedic papers. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2006;88:1121-1136.
3. Kocher MS, Zurakowski D. Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics: a primer for orthopaedic surgeons. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004; 86:607-620.
4. Bhandari M, Richards RR, Sprague S, Schemitsch EH. The quality of reporting of randomized trials in the Journal of Bone and Joint
   Surgery from 1988 through 2000. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84:388-96.
5. Bhandari M, Morrow F, Kulkarni AV, Tornetta P 3rd. Meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery. A systematic review of their methodologies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83:15-24.
6. Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Montori V, Devereaux PJ, Swiontkowski MF. User's guide to the orthopaedic literature: how to use a systematic literature review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83:1650-5.
7. Lochner HV, Bhandari M, Tornetta P 3rd. Type-II error rates (beta errors) of randomized trials in orthopaedic trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83:1650-5.
8. Freedman KB, Back S, Bernstein J. Sample size and statistical power of randomised, controlled trials in orthopaedics. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001; 83:397-402.
9. Freedman KB, Bernstein J. Sample size and statistical power in clinical orthopaedic research. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999; 81:1454-1460.
10. Szabo RM. Principles of epidemiology for the orthopaedic surgeon. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998; 80:111-120.
11. Smith JS, Watts HG. Methods for locating missing patients for the purpose of long-term clinical studies. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998; 80:431-438.
12. Fuson RL, Sherman M, Van Vleet J, Wendt T. The conduct of orthopaedic clinical trials. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997; 79:1089-98.
13. Ebramzadeh E, McKellop H, Dorey F, Sarmiento A. Challenging the validity of conclusions based on P-values alone: a critique of contemporary clinical research design and methods. Instr Course Lect 1994; 43:587-600.
14. Dorey F, Nasser S, Amstutz H. The need for confidence intervals in the presentation of orthopaedic data. [PDF] J Bone Joint Surg Am 1993; 75:1844-1852.  
15. Dorey F, Amstutz HC. Discrepancies in the orthopaedic literature: why? A statistical explanation. Instr Course Lect 1993; 42:555-564.
16. Santner TJ, Wypij D. Fundamentals of statistics for orthopaedists: Part IV. [PDF] J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987; 69:463-470.  
17. Santner TJ, Wypij D. Fundamentals of statistics for orthopaedists: Part III. [PDF] J Bone Joint Surg Am 1984; 66:1309-1318.  
18. Santner TJ, Burstein AH. Fundamentals of statistics for orthopaedists: Part II. [PDF] J Bone Joint Surg Am 1984; 66:794-799.  
19. Santner TJ. Fundamentals of statistics for orthopaedists: Part I. [PDF] J Bone Joint Surg Am 1984; 66:468-471.

Page one, page one, page one, page nothing.

"Page one, page one, page one, page nothing." says Quido Contini in the movie "Nine". 在電影華麗年代中， 大導演Quido為寫不出劇本而苦惱。